The Light Of Freudian Psychology Essay Example for Free

The Light Of Freudian Psychology Essay The influence of psychoanalytic theory upon contemporary thought is difficult to overstate, and equally difficult to quantify. Fundamental concepts of a dynamic unconscious, repression, ego, infantile sexuality, and the Oedipus complex have passed into popular discourse. Psychoanalysis is the root of all contemporary forms of psychotherapy, and as a clinical modality has had an enormous impact on the treatment of mental illness and on the fields of psychology and psychiatry, though this influence has been challenged in recent years by the rise of biological psychiatry. Though the scientific validity of its methods and premises has been hotly disputed, neuro-scientists, including Mark Solms, Antonio Damasio, Jaak Panksepp, and Joseph LeDoux, were actively conducting research in the early twenty-first century to correlate psychoanalytic ideas with the latest findings in brain science. In the humanities, psychoanalytic theory has strongly influenced approaches to literary texts, biography, history, creativity, and sociology. Freud himself was the first to apply psychoanalytic principles to the arts, through readings of Wilhelm Jensens novel Gradiva (1903), Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmanns The Sand-Man (1817), and several of William Shakespeares works; and through psycho biographical essays on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Shakespeare, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Leonardo da Vinci. Freud also explored the implications of his ideas upon anthropology, history, and, perhaps most famously, religion, which Freud considered a primitive, quasi-psychotic projection, and which he considered at length in The Future of an Illusion (1927) and Moses and Monotheism (1939). The poet Wallace Stevens characterized Freuds influence as a whole climate of opinion, and the writings of Freud and other analysts, especially those of Jacques Lacan, have inspired countless artists and thinkers, including Andre Breton, Andre Gide, Benjamin, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Jean Cocteau, Salvador Dali, Jackson Pollock, Lionel Trilling, Edmund Wilson, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, and Slavoj Zizek; and cultural movements such as surrealism, dada, existentialism, deconstruction, and postmodernism. Psychoanalysis and Surrealism: An Exposition: The instincts and unconscious urges of humankind were heavily featured in the works of the surrealists of inter-war Europe. The link between psychoanalysis and the surrealist movement is most evident in the films of the movement. Before examining to what extent the surrealists (in particular, the Spanish film-maker Luis Bunuel) was influenced by Sigmund Freuds writings, I will first briefly present Freuds various models of the mind. Freuds scientific process was anything but static he constantly changed his theoretical framework, as he encountered discrepancies between the theories and his practical experiences during the continuing treatment of patients. The affect/trauma model, a result of Freuds studies of hysteria, focused on the repressed memories of patients. The goal was relief of the symptoms by forcing the patient to remember, a cathartic cure. The dramatic nature of the cure caused this particular version of Freuds work to be prominently featured in Hollywood movies dealing with psychoanalysis. The next stage in Freuds development of a model of the human mind was the topographical model, which he held from 1897 to the early 20s. This model divided the mind into three agencies; the conscious (being the immediately accessible thoughts and feelings), the pre-conscious (not immediately recallable, a reservoir of what can be remembered) and the unconscious (repressed feelings and thoughts which influence actions even though we are not aware of them). Through psychoanalytic treatment the patient can become aware of his repressed motives, making the unconscious conscious. The topographical movement was very much in tune with the Surrealist philosophy on the importance of the irrational. The start of the 1920s saw the emergence of Freuds main project, his structural model. After observing how many patients did not seem to want to get better, Freud came to the conclusion that the topographical model overestimated the importance of instincts. His new personality model consisted of the id, the ego and the super-ego. The id compares broadly with the unconscious, representing aggression and primitive instincts. The id is innate, not learned through socialisation. The ego enables a person to master his instincts; it is the rational part of the personality. Lastly, the super-ego is the part of the ego that is observing and criticising the self. Built up through socialisation and internalising the values of the parents, the super-ego is the moral part of the personality. The surrealist movement arose as a result of the Dadaist movement which existed during the First World War and shortly thereafter. The growing awareness of the horrors of the Great War destroyed any belief in the romantic innocence of the past. One of the results was the surrealists, who inherited from Dada the contempt for traditional bourgeois culture and the classical aesthetics of art for arts sake. Born out of artistic and literary circles and with the writer Andre Breton the closest thing to a leader of the movement, the members of the movement were primarily writers and painters, and not filmmakers. Nevertheless, the surrealist movement was one of the first to acknowledge the importance of the new medium of film. Film was used as inspiration to boost creativity for prose and paintings. Interestingly, the surrealists preferred the popular Hollywood films, because the films were not part of bourgeois art, but of a new anti-art medium. Artists like Man Ray and Hans Richter started experimenting with cinema towards a surreal end. Co-operation between filmmakers and painters also took place, like Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dalis partnership in making Un chien Andalou. The special surrealist sensibility needs to be considered. It was a world view, a philosophical and active position approaching life and art. The surrealists celebrated the unconscious as a liberating force, to escape the deadening pressures of the rational, civilised world. The realistic attitude, according to Breton, clearly seems to me to be hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement (Breton 6). Dreams are more real than reality. The surrealists made use of drugs and hypnotism to reach into the dream-like state of their selves, to see the true reality behind the everyday appearances. Unconventional and subjective, dreams hold no logical and rational restraints to true creativity. The surrealist method of automated writing (ecriture automatique) is pure mental automatism, writing from a passive state, avoiding moral, religious and logical restrictions. This state of true authenticity closely resembles Freuds method of free association. Bunuels early movies Un chien Andalou and Lage dor show the influence of free association and to what great extent surrealism shocked the bourgeois sensibilities of the time. Filled with attacks on the numbing influences of the state and church, Bunuels 1928 debut became a resounding success, much to his chagrin. Bourgeois traditional circles were praising its high art and aesthetics. Bunuel asked how they could, when the film clearly was a passionate call to murder? Bunuel on Un chien Andalous famous eyeball-slitting sequence that opens the film and his career: To produce in the spectator a state which could permit the free association of ideas, it was necessary to provoke a near traumatic shock at the very beginning of the film. The irrational montage that follows necessitates a purging of rationality, relying on emotional and unconscious impact to carry the film. Incongruent jumps in time and space abound, like when the protagonist is shot by his alter-ego, only to in the falling motion end up in a park, briefly clutching the shoulder of a statue-like woman. In trying to make sense of the images, the viewer must negotiate with the unconscious. The young man is fighting his own unconscious urges for the young woman. In one remarkable scene he strains against the combined weight of a piano, a donkey and two priests an absurdly humorous representation of the repressive forces of bourgeois culture and religion. While Un chien Andalou can be seen as a piece of cinematic poetry, Bunuel used the dramatic language of cinema to its fullest in the revolutionary Lage dor in 1930. Lage dor, Bunuels next movie, has the main character of Modot incarnating the wild, untamed power of love and sexuality that threatens the institutions of family, state and church. The lovers Modot and Lya Lys are constantly thwarted in their unacceptable passion by society. Modot can be seen as representing the unconscious in its free, anarchic aspect, while the repressive society is the aggregate super-ego. Modot has no tolerance for the trappings of society; they are but obstacles to the fulfilment of his desires. An example is the way he slaps the mother at the dinner party, and when he kicks the blind man. Eros is closely tied up with Thanatos. A particularly poetic piece of surrealism is the scene where Lya Lys is gazing into her mirror, which reflects a cloudy sky. The sounds of wind, bells and barking link the two lovers together even if they are miles apart. Rarely has the power of the unconscious to overcome the boundaries of reality been more brilliantly evoked. Freudian psychology played an important, if somewhat unacknowledged, role in surrealist thinking. However, the surrealists were highly eclectic, they borrowed from Freud whatever suited their purpose in whichever form they saw fit. Their goal was to change the view of mankind, not to offer any objective, scientific contribution to the field of psychology. The very idea of a controlled science was alien to them, held that their own ideas were more subtle and profound than that of any science. Even if the method of automated writing closely resembles free association, the surrealists never directly acknowledged Freud for it. The difference between the two positions can be seen in that Freuds method of free association held that one should keep to the original notion that started the association, whereas the surrealists were vehemently opposed to this idea. For them, this was to unnecessarily repress and limit the expression of a free spirit. The surrealists were influenced by Freuds topographical model, before the development of the structural model of the 20s. The concept of the super-ego in the structural model was exactly what the surrealists wanted to destroy, the image of the moralistic bourgeois society. Its very existence was anathema to the surrealist world view. It follows that parts of the movement (accentuated after the increasing politicisation of the movement in the 30s into communist and non-communist camps) were suspicious of Freuds bourgeois nature in his theories on the super-ego. Direct meetings between Freud and the surrealists were somewhat of a disappointment to both parties, the surrealists were let down over the fact that Freud privately was quite the bourgeois gentleman, whereas Freud was dismayed by the frivolous nature of the surrealists. The unconscious as a liberating force is central to the films of Bunuel and to the surrealist movement in general. For the surrealists the unconscious is a spring-well of pure art, devoid of the degenerating effects of reality. Bunuels style thrived on bringing the unconscious to the surface of reality, thus enmeshing it with reality. As opposed to this central theme in surrealist productions, Freud postulated a sharp divide between reality and dreams. The Freudian concepts of condensation and displacement were also used widely in surrealism, again unacknowledged. Still, Breton gave thanks to Freud in his Manifesto of Surrealism for his discoveries on the mental world. Applauding Freud for applying his faculties to the study of dreams, Breton writes that it is inadmissible that this considerable portion of psychic activity has still today been so grossly neglected (Breton 10). Whereas the surrealists examined the dream-state for its freedom from logic restraints, Freud studied dreams for uncovering problems evident in the awakened state. For instance, the Freudian psychologies of dreams play an important part in Bunuels films. Both Belle de Jour and The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie make frequent use of the dream-vehicle. In Belle de Jour the dreams act as wish-fulfilment of the repressed sexual desires of Severine, and in Discreet Charm the dreams of the bourgeoisie represent their fear of the unmasking of their superficial world (witness the scene where the bourgeoisie suddenly find themselves eating dinner on the stage of a theatre). The surrealist view of the unconscious is indebted to the unconscious of Freuds topographical model. The difference is in the motives and reasoning behind the use of the unconscious. Freud wanted to understand the human psyche, while the surrealists were on a mission of liberation and freedom. Perhaps both parties had more in common than they cared to admit, regardless of their differing cultural framework. WORKS CITED: 1) Anzieu, D. Freuds Self-Analysis. Translated by Peter Graham. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1986. 2) Breton, A. Manifestoes of surrealism 1969. 3) Mellen, J (ed). The worlds of Luis Bunuel 1978.

The Pastoral Ideal in Thomas Grays Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country

The Pastoral Ideal in Thomas Gray's Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard" portrays the pastoral ideal through many different images. The traditional pastoral notion of idyllic life changes in this poem to form a connection with people themselves. The speaker of this poem creates a process by which laborers come to symbolize the perfection of the pastoral through their daily toils. These people come to represent the ideal form of pastoral life. In this poem, however, Gray consigns these people and their lifestyle to darkness and death in order to save them from a world whose changing ideals support their idyllic lifestyle. This poem can be broken into four parts. These parts describe a kind of conversation between the speaker and the fading light of the traditional pastoral notion. The first part, ending around line 28, shows the ways in which the working people have integrated successfully into the pastoral lifestyle. The second, and longest part, ending around line 73, paints a portrait of an "urbanized pastoral" where people are no longer ignorant of their own potential, but strive to make changes in the world around them. Though this in itself is not necessarily negative, by desiring to change the world, the pastoral ideal of static bliss is directly challenged. The third section gives a kind of resolution to the situation by letting the pastoral tradition slide, safe and unmarred, into the comforting darkness of death. The opening stanza paints a portrait of the end of a day. The herds of farm animals walk away from the speaker to their home, just as a weary farmer "plods" (3) his way back home. All of these figures recede from the speaker into the appr... ... poet could the pastoral be kept alive. The speaker deals with this concept throughout "Elegy Wrote in a Country Church Yard." The "darkness" which is alluded to in the first stanza is the place the world has left the pastoral. As "The Plow-man homeward plods his weary Way," (3) he leaves behind the realm of the pastoral for the speaker to deal with. As society begins to turn its back from fanciful simplicity, towards commercial complexity, the poet’s duty falls to creating a place where the world of the pastoral is safe. For Gray, this is the darkness of death. This poem, however, does not create this "darkness" of death as an everlasting sleep. Rather, the importance of the pastoral is kept safe, and has the ability to influence generations of socially-influenced people that there is a world of peace and simplicity awaiting them, if they choose to look for it. Â  

Impact of Advertising on Children Essay

Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 The Role of Television Advertising and Its Effects on Children Amin Asadollahi1 Student of PhD Marketing Management, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Email: amin_asadollahee@yahoo. com Neda Tanha Student of advertising and Marketing, University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran Email: nedatanha62@yahoo. com ABSTRACT The prevalence of obesity and the growing increase of obesity in children with the academic, political and social issue has been. TV ads show a significant relationship between consumption) advertised brands, b) a variety of high-energy foods advertised, c) all the food there. Most children are aware of the intention, but the ads are skills that do not use them unless explicitly noted that the response should be. Policymakers, consumers and those involved with organizations related to children’s services can be more powerful to have kids. Beginning with a powerful strategy to enhance food safety information between children and their families at the start and then focus on increasing children’s consumer skills. Keywords: Television Advertising, Perception, Children, Foodstuffs INTRODUCTION If the TV to a (public university) can be interpreted that all segments of the population of each age range who are under the covers, not of fortune. Hence it is necessary to direct its programs to be more investment. TV should not be considered as a source of income if you think that the media is the most important. For lack of the necessary costs of functions that are expected to have a media will have a negative effect. Perhaps one of the major pests that lurk in the media sat on this topic is the creation of private television. (Power) and (capitalistic) are two large chains of many large and small have turned to captive So chances are the custodians of authoritarian capitalist and some high And assuming that some of them are innocent of power and capitalism ,There are people around the powerful and the media to focus on the desired direction. So probably the custodians of these chains are held consciously or unconsciously . It seems the idea is to follow the great danger that should remain unaware of it. The arrangements with regard to the prevalence of obesity in childhood are increasing worldwide Large and important role in the TV ads for food has been distributed. (Boyland et al. , 2008, 780). The prevalence of obesity and the growing increase of obesity in children with the academic, political and social issue have been. Among the various factors identified as possible reasons for the rise in childhood obesity Trends such as changes in leisure activities and knowledge of nutrition, growth in television advertising is especially important for children. Unintended effects of advertising on children include: Ask the children, materialism, and take note of despair, dissatisfaction with family life and the conflict is. Unintended effects of advertising on children from early 1970 began the second half of this decade; the rate reached its peak and has declined over the past few years. Research shows a decline from 1980. The reclamation research and advertising effects on children (Especially today’s kids are more vulnerable to advertising) and the two decades prior to the advertising business has increased significantly. Advertise on this ideology that developed the property and assets are important and critical quality like beauty; success and happiness are attainable only with acquiring material possessions. The results of these promotions to increase demand for purchase by children and indirectly increase the child’s parents are fighting. The ads lack the purchasing power of parents, or refuse to cause unhappiness and discomfort in children are buying. Advertising products customized with a world full of beautiful people show in the real world while their children are compared with the ideal world and conflict in the world because they are unhappy. Younger children than older children are at risk of complications ads. I understand they have less 1 . Corresponding Author: Amin Asadollahi, Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: amin_asadollahee@yahoo. com 1 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. , (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 and less power can have a critical view And secondly, their demands can not delay it more than other traditional groups with parents are involved In addition, smaller children can not express their wishes to take advantage of logical techniques While older children and the desire to express the logic of the techniques they use And why the younger children to show their anger more And also create more confli ct. Also shown that boys more girls are persisting in their demands and more parents are involved with. Male children are spending more violence, while girls are more polite and often are expressed to apply to the purchase offer. Apart from that conflict between parents and children in the family about the purchase occurs. Another problem is that kids tend to play with toys with their friends spend their time advertised On the other hand instead of his good friends and that it lacks a certain kind of toys they are willing Occasional bad friends are certain that the toys they play The issue of discrimination in society and their friends will cause a forced choice. These three forms of physical aggression, verbal and psychological effects on children caused by children tend to imitate the movements of athletes or models. Are inconsistent with the terms of the gender because usually the role of women in advertising and men as agents of grade 2 are shown in Table 1. And play a major role in advertising is more often the men present. Most women in terms of cleaning, etc. . . . Deal while most men in the great outdoors and responsibilities are shown. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE Television, Children and Advertising Via the magic of television deals to broadcast program which can have profound effects on the developing world and the children to change their lives. No doubt with the development of new networks and satellite television in the world scene, the children will be more vulnerable to the effects of various television In other words, the potential impact of the television spectrum can be put on their young viewers, with the widespread application of this media has become more widespread. After the family television programs and personalities of the most important factors in forming a child’s education is one Television teacher is a powerful, yet dangerous. Imitation, along with the concept, personality development and behavioral problems, the effects of television on children is a special way into his mind. When watching TV programs are on track and learning programs offered via television, the unconscious is far, Children are not aware that their behavior and the behavior of others are acquired, the effectiveness of television can be considered as One of the most important aspect of watching TV programs about the impact of TV ads has been a lot of viewers, especially children Television as the most influential instrument of mass communication, is considered most suitable by the Propaganda In view of the world’s population, mostly young people communicate with the outside world through television, the most important means of mass communication that we seek. Television advertising The media, commercials, and its overall meaning and types of advertising messages that the employer pay for a certain time of the broadcast will be available. TV advertising in recent years have had very progressive and growing, Apart from their relative, the most important sources of information on cultural, economic and social trends among And significant influence on the formation of patterns of intellectual, emotional and behavioral audience, especially children, have. Poor-Norooz (1377). The research, to analyze the content of television advertisements, especially children, is in Iran. His first TV ads the content of the nine categories of children: toys, safety, education, social hygiene, food, educational materials, refreshments, games and clothing distribution sites During the six-month period after it has been investigated. Based on the findings, related to advertising junk food and toys, and most game sites and educational materials, to have the least playing time. Also, the advertisements related to the edible material, which has the largest share of ads that are not nutritious and role in physical growth and nutrition of their children. Interestingly, none of your bread, dairy products, fruit and fruit juice (effects on growth and nutrition of children) is not present in the samples. Also, half of the junk food advertisements, to promote various types of chocolate and ice cream puff and a third of them have been assigned. However, high levels of salt and a puff of sweetened chocolate and ice cream because of the high Food is not good. Instead of thinking about the study, even a TV ad on health issues, there is no the dental care to children to educate. The effect of television advertising on children The researchers performed many studies have concluded that watching television advertising, on attitudes, life style and consumption pattern of the behavior of the audience, including children, affected. However, the effect of the various factors such as age, Social class, economic, message presentation, family structure and 2 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 relationships governing the time watching television. For example, children who are at an early age because of limited cognitive abilities, the reality of what they think of television viewing and much closer to reality television programs that children know of content that are most affected. Accordingly, the effectiveness of children’s age and years of TV ads, most children that age are high. There are also strong family relationships and causes children to be influenced by television programs. Parents with children studying the reality of online life that it can monitor and control, they are more aware of advertising and commercial purposes and the negative view about these programs is more critical than. While the relationships between family members that it is hostile, Children may achieve the advertised product, make life difficult for their parents . Affect the presentation of advertising messages are considered an important factor. So if someone can confirm a great year for goods and services, View it with your children more likely to show having been advertised products Since young children in the diagnosis of non-reality reality Still have not found the necessary cognitive skills, Therefore, children programs and cartoons of famous personalities, young children can distinguish reality from fantasy in the wrong pockets And the perception that the advertisements are false. The intensity of these programs is more affected. Duration of exposure to advertisements, other factors affect them. Peruvian television viewers up pills than it is viewers not so serious, the impact of advertising is acceptSo that more attention to the show and to trust them and have a more positive attitude. Since advertising is rarely the main aspects and key production Such as materials used how to work and show the product price, the sale of a blower and non-misleading, and the consequences Has many negative consequences that are importa nt: 1. Parental pressure on children to buy advertised products and refuse to fulfill the wishes of their parents (The dream is more demand) and that conflict between parents and children leads to conflict. If parents refuse to buy goods in question, it would be sinful to their children, if you accede to the demands of parents and children, certainly the price they pay for a toy or food package, the price will be higher, because that’s what common sense would forbid it. 2. Another negative consequence of television advertising, consumption of food products such as candy and fruit juice is fresh. About 80 percent of the volume of television ads promoting these products makes up the children. All of this publicity, the belief that young children about nutrition and the impact of food. Children can not understand that eating foods with high sugar levels, because weight gain and tooth decay is their (Newman, 1377). 3. Since most advertising, scenes from the life of the rich and affluent children can be displayed, without this, undesirable tendencies and trauma in the lives of other children who can afford it will not it may even make it to the crime and unethical behavior you have to seize it, to push. Critics of television advertising Critics of the ads are responsible for the problem of child obesity for promoting energy and food products that have relatively high fat and sugar and salt. So in many countries the demand for consumer and health organizations Policies to limit food advertising to children (Buijzen & et al. , 2007, 231). Even more established groups in the feet And adopting new hypotheses and test them to come and prove their Food advertising in children’s programs are broadcast In violent behavior, disrespect, and stealing in children is effective Because these behaviors promoted in TV ads for food products is a view (Page ; Brewster, 2009, 150). But what was of concern to all, in recent years the food and beverages to children and adolescents as a major force in the market has and thus they are now strongly and specifically target their advertising and marketing efforts are placed. Food marketers are interested in buying power among the youth because they are consumer products the direction of these techniques and multilateral channels to attract young people when they are young, they use Time to grow their brand and their food products in the future affect buying behavior. (Story ; French, 2004, 14). Food is one of the most important promotional goods and therefore attracts a lot of research efforts. (Zwier, 2009, 109) In the long-term investments that seek to Marketers and a stable market, relying Dependence on customers and their loyalty Their strategy to attract young people think it’s because The condition of their success to a life of its customer Kids also an important market for the missionaries offer Commercial and food are in direct contact 3 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 Prices for products that taste good with children and adolescents is the money will be spent on children by their parents because they do. In adolescents 8 to 17 years estimated that approximately 75% of adolescents and their families on food costs impact In addition, young children, the more likely Purchase directly to a consumer market are considered important . ( Powell et al. 2007, s253) To achieve this goal of marketing channels and techniques are certain that these channels are: Television advertising, advertising schools, kids clubs, internet, toys and products with the logo of a company (Story & French, 2004, 14) And advertising techniques, such as the award families who rejected these ads They were calling for a ban or restrictions on scope of work (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5). But in the advertising and marketing on children’s interest It works for both physical and mental abuse that was followed Families, parents, nurses, and community governments were sensitive to this type of advertising As far as food manufacturers and their breeders, professional organizations, written and visual media, education and food and consumers have the ability to provide dietary patterns, disease prevention and health promotion is. (Lohman ; Kant, 1998, 27). The story of television and advertising of foodstuffs Commercial food advertising to children is increasingly relying on the general 5: 1) A breakfast cereal 2) Sugar 3) Snack 4) Non-Alcoholic Beverages 5) Fast Food Restaurants, (Buijzen et al. , 2007, 232). With a short list of five can be important to realize Food advertising to children in the world was too sweet and fatty and are consistent with dietary recommendations. Story ; French, 2004, 14) But because health has always been important, The major manufactur ers also see ads from far left And build their physical and sporting activities, special attention has been And of course food and beverage ads that were related to physical activity and athletic ability Significantly more welcomed by the children were exposed to ads that were more entertaining aspects of the game. (Flot et al. , 2006, 244) But because of this sensitivity with special attention to health and the prevalence of obesity among children are around. To fully understand the relationship between advertising and food consumption patterns of children in need showing the relationship between advertising and food consumption in children and we try the following: 1) Advertised food brands 2) Different items are high-energy foods that are advertised 3) Consumption of all food products (Buijzen et al. , 2007, 235). Broadcast advertising can cause changes in food preferences and consumption rates for children and Increase the brand advertised. This is often caused by the stimulus-response will explain the psychology of advertising Argues that advertising leads to awareness of advertised brands tend to be Mark is buying it and taking it (Ibid, 232) However you choose to display ads only lead to commercial brands and types of food intake does not increase But the ads are related to high-energy food products, Such hangs in the pattern of food advertising to children, they will increase the risk of obesity. (Ibid, 232) Explain the effect of stimulus – response to high energy consumption as a social learning theory as it appears Modeling the behaviors such as eating in advertisements that have been portrayed in the audience is led to similar behavior. Display ads can lead to the use of a particular brand, use of energy products and total food intake is increased (Ibid, 232). Effect on three levels Promoting food choices not only affect children’s food brands but they use different types of high-energy food product s are developed. Communication with proof of the theory of predictive effects of stimulus – response advertising, the effect of food advertising a particular brand to other brands of food that can be generalized 4 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 (Ibid, 236). The more fatty foods children choose to include foods that contain carbohydrates between fatty foods and prefer the use of the advertised brand name is lost to Mark (Boyland & et al. , 2008, 760). However a small number of openly advertising their products as light manufacturing, have introduced a simple and low-fat That they are dedicated to those who are concerned about their weight and take care (Henderson & Kelly, 2005, 194). However, food advertising goes to the side That promote unhealthy food such as chocolate chips and more healthy food such as vegetables and fruits are brought under their domination (Zwier, 2009,109). Family background At first glance, it seems, is that what parents feed their children are still the primary gatekeeper And overall financial costs they can control And the final purchase decisions are made in the world of buying and selling are also The amount of food available to children in the home control Like to eat snacks and determine what we have dinner tonight? But research shows that when shopping for children separated from their parents’ wishes and priorities are not important. It is understood that they will not even buy some food brands Children who do not like to bother them (Buijzen et al. 2007, 237). The family of one of the most important factors in predicting children’s consumption patterns. High-income families with children generally consume more food. And a variety of materials, energy and greater use of the advertised brands. Parents with high incomes than lowincome parents can afford to buy food are more Thus; in families with high power tend to buy more expensive food and beverage brands. In addition, higher income families are often both parents Employees. This makes it hard when they are And a strong desire to buy more food and be ready. Be higher in families with income, advertising significantly associated with food brands. On the other hand, low-income families regardless of brand name products, only the amount of food and beverage advertising influences the pattern of low-income families with higher incomes are influenced by television advertising to justify the Children from families with high income (Ibid, 237). Despite the ads that their audiences are children According to the story of their age, character, visual, musical, musical, noisy and with the special effects (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5) But the children made their own banners and ads that do not matter adult And the range of ads when watching TV in the sight of them, are discussed The large volume of ads that are discussed are the ones who made exclusively for children (Ibid, 5). Besides making television advertising professionals to grasp the way they, To overcome the effects of competition on the more eternal in the minds of consumers and their young, they Thus the stage to television advertising has become exaggerated feeling good, Fixation and dependence, the physical embodiment of a crime, deceit, theft and robbery, to get over the need for food and non-respectful behavior with adults (Page & Brewster, 2009, 105). Obtaining this information is not strange if we worry about Concepts that children will be broadcasted on TV ads for food, increased. Awareness of these issues as warning to officials and other supporters of child health and is instead Have a closer look at these issues (Ibid, 154). Lawyers and policy makers about the prevalence of food advertising and its potential impact on audience behavior, insight and gain more knowledge. (Henderson & Kelly, 2005, 191). Food can also be studied by teaching critical thinking skills that may be associated Food advertising to help consumers (Ibid, 191) Despite what you would think the findings indicate that Relatively good level of awareness and understanding of children Even though you have no experience necessary Because of their lack of skills or knowledge are not sufficient to But what is certain and proven by scientific research, Is that children over 7 years of children ages 2 to 6 years of advertising are likely affected And children ages 7 to 11 years with the intention of the ads, but are aware of the skills that are not used Unless they are explicitly to be reminded that you have a reaction (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5). Children between 10 and 12 years promoting and producing ads to those who are aware of the sensitive but not (Ibid, 5). CONCLUSION Children are more vulnerable to advertising. Different laws in different countries to limit the number of ads used to be, kind, Content and timing of the broadcast ad covers For example, advertisements for toys for children to play in Greece is limited to late night hours Australia and Belgium, and in advertisements broadcast during children’s broadcasts A few minutes before it is banned. Some researchers believe that it is better to limit excessive advertising Products to raise awareness of parents of children and to discuss with them about products and promotions the researchers say understanding the power to limit excessive growth of advertising and the guys decide to delay. Ways to protect children against advertising is to review and update. The substitution of digital television in the near future I can easily while watching the TV screen by pressing a key to enter the Internet world in the world of digital TV, which will replace the TV for the kids there will be no other limit and children will have free 5 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 access to any kind of advertising. New technology also allows advertisers to extensive information watching habits of children in the media to obtain and thus make them more targeted. So parents and teachers should increase the will power and self-esteem in children, so bring the kids once I see ads that are part of the economy, society correctly imagined to be the means of advertising. Techniques and methods of advertising to children should be taught and developed the power to judge and criticize them. The ad can not promote, or sell their goods to attract customers. It can only draw attention to the customer, to persuade him to buy. If the buyer has enough information to evaluate the ads and advertisers. In general we can say the main criticisms against television advertising on children include: 1 – Unlimited and uncontrolled effects of advertising on children 2 – Promote consumerism and false needs 3 – Disorders of children on the farm and Health 4 – Create gender discrimination REFERENCE 1. Bergler, R (1999) the Effects of Commercial Advertising on Children. Commercial Communications, January: 41-48. 2. Bjurstrom, E (1994) Barn och TV-reklam: En introduction till forskningen on TV-reklamens paverkan pa barn [Children and television advertising: An introduction to the research on the effects TV commercials have on Children]. Stockholm: Konsumentverket (Rapport; 29). 3. Boyland, E. J. , Harrold, J. A. , Kirkham, T. C. , J. C. G. Halford. (2008)  « Does television food advertising affect children’s food preferences?  » Appe te, 51, 751-764. 4. Buijzen, M. , Schuurman, J. , E. , Bomhof. 2008)  « Associations between children’s television advertising exposure and their food consumption patterns: A household diary–survey study » Appe te, 50, 231–239. 5. Consumers International (1999) Easy Targets: A Survey of Television Food and Toy Advertising to Children in Four Central European Countries. 6. Folta, S. C. , Goldberg, J. P. , Economos, C. , Bell, R. , R. , Meltzer. (2006)  « Food Advertising Targeted at School-Age Children: A Content Analysis  » J Nutr Educ Behav, 38, 244-248. 7. Goldstein, J (1998) Children and Advertising – The Research. Commercial Communications, July: 4-7. 8. Gunther, Barry, McCarthy chlorine, Jill (1380). Children and Television. Nusrat Fata translation. Soroush. Tehran. . Henderson, V. R. ; Kelly, B. (2005)  « Food Advertising in the Age of Obesity: Content Analysis of Food Advertising on General Market and African American Television  » J Nutr EducBehav, 37, 191-196. 10. Hosseini, Negin (1385). Fighting for children’s television. Information. Tehran. 11. Kinnucan, H. W. , (2003)  «Optimal generic advertising in an imperfectly Competitive food industry with variable proportions » Agricultural Economics, 29,143–158. 12. Lohmann, J. , A. , Kant. (1998)  «Effect of the Food Guide Pyramid on Food Advertising » JNE, 30, 23-28. 13. Mehta, K. , Coveney, J. , Ward, P. , Magarey, A. , Spurrier, N. , T. , Udell. (2010) 14. Australian children’s views about food advertising on television » Appe te, 970, 1-7. 15. Newman, and Philip Newman, Barbara (Winter 1377). The effects of television on children’s growth. Ismail Biabangard translation. Research and Evaluation, numbers 15 and 16. 16. Page, R. M. ; Brewster, A. (2009)  «Depiction of Food as Having Drug-like Properties in Televised Food Advertisements Directed at Children: Portrayals as Pleasure Enhancing and Addictive » Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23, 154-157. 17. Pejman Arash (Spring 1381). The effects of television commercial advertising on childrenâ €™s social relationships. Research and Evaluation. 29. 18. Pour March, Manijeh (Winter 1377). Content analysis of television advertisements, especially children, research and evaluation. 15 and 16. 19. Powell, L. M. , Szczypka, G. , F. J. , Chaloupka. (2007)  «Adolescent Exposure to Food Advertising on Television » American Journal of Prevent ve Medicine, 33, s251-s256. 20. Saatatmand, Zohreh. (Fall 1376). The effects of television on children and adolescents. Education. 5. 21. Story, M. & French, S. , (2004)  «Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US » International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 1, 1-17. 22. Zwier, S. (2009)  «Medicalisation of food advertising. Nutrition and health claims inmagazine food advertisements 1990–2008 » Appetite, 53, 109–113. 6

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